"Phthalates can become airborne when released from fragranced products, household items, and plastics, making inhalation a significant exposure route. Once inhaled, these chemicals can enter the bloodstream through the lungs, bypassing the digestive system’s detoxification process. Studies suggest that airborne phthalates, particularly those from synthetic fragrances, may contribute to endocrine disruption, respiratory irritation, and long-term metabolic effects. Reducing exposure by choosing phthalate-free products and improving indoor air quality can help minimize health risks."

"When phthalates are absorbed through the skin, they bypass the liver’s first-pass metabolism, allowing them to enter the bloodstream more directly and potentially increasing systemic exposure. Unlike ingestion, where the liver can help detoxify some chemicals before they circulate throughout the body, dermal absorption enables phthalates—especially diethyl phthalate (DEP) found in personal care products—to accumulate and exert endocrine-disrupting effects. This makes skin contact with phthalate-containing products a significant exposure route that may contribute to hormonal imbalances and other health concerns."

Phthalates are often hidden under vague ingredient names like “fragrance” or “parfum” in many everyday products, including:

• Personal Care Products – Perfumes, colognes, deodorants, body sprays, shampoos, conditioners, lotions, nail polish, hairspray, and cosmetics.

• Household Items – Vinyl flooring, shower curtains, plastic furniture, and air fresheners.

• Plastics & Packaging – Food containers, plastic wrap, and plastic water bottles.

• Children’s Toys – Soft, flexible plastics (although some phthalates have been banned in toys).

• Medical Supplies – IV tubing, medical gloves, and blood bags.

Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, meaning they interfere with hormones, which can lead to:

• Hormonal imbalances – Phthalates mimic or block hormones, affecting reproductive health.

• Reproductive issues – Linked to lower sperm count, fertility problems, and birth defects.

• Developmental concerns – Potential risks to fetal and child development, including cognitive and behavioral issues.

• Increased risk of asthma and allergies – Found in air fresheners and plastics, they may contribute to respiratory issues.

• Potential link to obesity and metabolic disorders – Studies suggest phthalates may interfere with metabolism and insulin regulation.

Due to health concerns, some phthalates have been restricted or banned in certain products:

• Banned in children’s toys and child care items in the U.S. and the European Union.

• Restricted in cosmetics in the EU, but still widely used in the U.S.

• Not required to be disclosed in products that list “fragrance” or “parfum.”